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The Year of the Pig: Chinese Interbank Payment Systems in 2007 |
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While The People’s Republic of China is the second largest economy in the world, it has long suffered from a lack of efficient payment and settlement systems. New research from TowerGroup finds that following a recent series of modernizations in its national payments infrastructure – including the completion of modern clearing and settlement systems in 2007 – China now finally possesses national payment capabilities worthy of an economic powerhouse.
In just 10 years, through the Chinese National Advanced Payment System (CNAPS) initiative, China’s central bank has developed and implemented three new payment systems using state-of-the-art technology. These systems provide a national network for high-value payments, bulk low-value payments, and most recently, national check-image exchange. TowerGroup finds that access to national clearing, along with enhanced funds transfer capabilities with Hong Kong, will better facilitate intra-regional trade for domestic Chinese and foreign companies alike. “The fragmented banking system and lack of a national payments infrastructure has constrained intra-regional trade among China’s provinces,” said Colin Kerr, a senior analyst in the Global Payments practice at TowerGroup. “In order to take full advantage of the tremendous economic opportunities now flowing to China, the country must continue to embrace more efficient and effective national payment and settlement systems.” Highlights of the research include: Historically, China has been a cash-based society suffering from inefficient, fragmented local payment systems. Business payments were primarily made by check, but clearing occurred within cities rather than cross-country. With the emergence of card products, debit cards outstrip credit cards by a ratio of 22 to one, with spending across both debit and credit totaling approximately CNY1.89 trillion in 2006. However, this is still just a fraction of the reported value of checks cleared in 2005 (CNY350 trillion) in China. Large growth in trade and commerce has created the need for more advanced payment products and infrastructures. Following the development of high-value and bulk payment systems, China most recently implemented a national infrastructure for check image clearing. Hong Kong has long been considered the banking capital of Asia, and China has been content to leverage that reputation and infrastructure rather than try to force change of Hong Kong's currency or payment infrastructures. The Chinese government has employed a “one country, two systems” policy that enabled its socialist economy to coexist with the capitalist economy of Hong Kong. However, the separate payment systems of China and Hong Kong are now becoming more tightly integrated to support the interests of travelers and businesses operating in the neighboring regions.
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